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The Phillips Curve: Unemployment / Inflation relationship
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Apr 14 2008, 9:08 AM EDT |
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Change:therefore, in the LR, Phillips Curve is always vertical. The Phillips Curve Demonstrates the inverse relationship between unemployment rates and inflation rates Assuming a constant short-run AS curve: Inflation rate ↑ → UE ↓ (when AD increases, there is a upward pressure on prices and UE therefore decreases)
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Applying the Extended AD/AS Model
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Apr 14 2008, 9:02 AM EDT |
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Change:This is the inflation that occursOccurs when producers raise prices to meet increased input costs. Increase in the per-unit production costs shifts the AS curve to the left, thereby creating cost-push inflation Leftward shift of AS curve is the initiating cause of price level increase Chief cause of Stagflation
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From Short-run to Long-run Aggregate Supply
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Apr 14 2008, 8:56 AM EDT |
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Change:wage / pricewage/price level Increase in price level means worker's real wages have declined (determined by nominal wages divided by price level). In response, workers advocate
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Shortcomings of GDP
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Feb 12 2008, 8:51 AM EST |
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Change:those in China, since the average income for each person in Denmark is much higher. An increase in GDP could actually be accompanied by a decrease in GDP per capita, and vice versa, depending on population growth. Noneconomic sources of well-being Just as a household's
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Nominal vs. Real GDP
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Feb 12 2008, 8:45 AM EST |
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Change:or extremely similar "market basket" in a reference year (base year/ base period). Market Basket: specified collection of goods and services. Price Index in a certain year =(Price of market basket in specific year/Price of same market basket in base year) x 100 Price index= Nominal GDP /
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Gross Domestic Product
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Feb 12 2008, 8:42 AM EST |
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Change:that were used in producing them. (Including the value of intermediate goods would amount to multiple counting,and that would distort the value of GDP) Avoid multiple counting by measuring and adding only the value added - market value of a firm's output excluding
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AP Econ in the News - Unit 4 "Market Failure"
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Jan 20 2008, 10:48 AM EST |
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Change:There is an overallocation towards oil drilling. Even though demand continues to grow, resources used for drilling oil are over allocated, hence the negative externalities,
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Apportioning the Tax Burden
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Jan 14 2008, 8:30 AM EST |
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Change: -Regressive because poor families spend, and therefore have sales taxes apply to their entire income, while richer families spend only a part of, and therefore
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Public Goods
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Jan 12 2008, 8:03 AM EST |
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Change:the proper amount of a good Solution: government provision of public goods through taxationNote: Controversy often arises over how mixed goods, shared consumption but exclusion or no shared consumption but nonexclusion, should be categorized. One example is highways with tollbooths: these roads
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Externalities
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Jan 12 2008, 7:57 AM EST |
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Change:As rational thinkers, each human seeks to maximize his gain. The positive utility of doing something accrues only to that person, but the negative utility
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A Purely Competitive Labor Market
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Dec 30 2007, 4:58 AM EST |
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Change:into hiringhire a specific type of labor- Each of many qualified workers with identical skills supplies that type of labor- Individual firms and individual workers are "wage takers;" neither canexerts exert control over the market wage rateMarket Demand for Labour market labor
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Monopsony Model
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Dec 30 2007, 4:55 AM EST |
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Change: or from staying at home the extreme case: labourlabor supply curve is identical to the total supply curve The supply curve is also the average-cost-of-labor curve for the firmMRC higher than the Wage Rate monopsonist paypays higher wagewages to attract an additional worker results it having
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The Minimum-Wage Controversy
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Dec 30 2007, 4:40 AM EST |
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Change: a higher minimum wage may eliminate the motive that monopsonistic firms have for restricting employment Evidence and Conclusions The overall effect of the minimum wage is uncertain: Employment and unemployment effects of the mnimum wage do not appear to be as great as critics believe Yet, the minimum
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Unit II C and D AP Econ in the News
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Oct 24 2007, 2:48 PM EDT |
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Change:At first glance, I thought this story could relate to diseconomies of scale. Then, I realized that the housing industry may be a special circumstance.
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Unit II C and D Student Thought Forum
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Oct 24 2007, 12:42 PM EDT |
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Change:says: We learned in class that pure competition is something society should strive for, as it creates maximum efficiency. But, seeing as how there are
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Unit II C and D Student Thought Forum
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Oct 23 2007, 9:24 AM EDT |
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Change: that interests you. Monopolies: Christina Hu says: Hey guys, can anybody think of an example of a perfect monopoly or anything close to one? I'm starting to think there are none at all anymore, but maybe it's just because my brain is not functioning properly at present.
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Pure Competition: Characteristics and Occurrence
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Oct 23 2007, 7:39 AM EDT |
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Change:market and has no significant power/impact. Free entry and exit There are no legal, technological, financial, or other obstacles that prevent firms from entering or leaving a competitive market. It is easy for firms to enter or exit the industry (especially if it has small economies of scale). This
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Short-run Production Relationships
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Oct 21 2007, 10:31 AM EDT |
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Change:and increasing management levels makes it easier for corruption to occur without noticeunnoticed and for messages to be lost as itthey isare passed down. At this point, the marginal product will begin to decrease. Graphical portrayal:
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Economic Costs
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Oct 21 2007, 10:27 AM EDT |
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Change: This is a The period that is too brief for a firm to alter its plant capacity, but long enough to permitfor a change in the degree to which the plant is used. In this period, the firmfirm's cannotcapacity alteris theirinvariable, capacity,or fixed,
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Price Elasticity of Supply
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Sep 26 2007, 9:00 PM EDT |
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Change:PERIODS:PERIODS: Market period--> short run --> long run Price Elasticity of Supply: the Market Period: The period that occurs when the time immediately after a change in market price is too short for producers to respond with a change in quantity supplied. Suppliers cannot be
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